One typical problem seems to be completing projects within budgets.  Getting from 90% complete  to 100% complete often consumes more than 10% of the allotted resources.  Reasons (or excuses) vary widely but a troubled project should never come as a surprise to management (although often they do).

To avoid going under water at the end of a project, budgets and variances need to be set and tracked properly.  This requires:

1. Making realistic and detailed initial cash flow/spending/invoicing projections, and

2. Monitoring the project’s financial performance and making proper adjustments

An effective construction accounting software system will tell the Project Manager how much of the budgeted costs have been expended.  However, without a good projection, the Project Manager will not know if the percent expended is correct at any given point during the project.

Variances need to be recognized early so the proper adjustments can be made.  Too late, and the best you can do is damage control.  It is critically important to understand the contract scope of work and, in particular, the client’s expectations to recognize when out-of-scope work should require an amendment or fee adjustment.

A number of construction software programs are available to establish and track project budgets.  These programs are often integrated with the company’s financial accounting package.  One key is to balance program complexity with simplicity.  The project tracking program must be capable of breaking the project down into components for an accurate projection.  For example, shop drawing review during construction happens long before development of record drawings.  However, the programs can’t be overly complex or they won’t get used.  Resource allocation programs used by construction project managers are generally too high powered for engineering applications.  Acceptance and effective use of the programs requires the right balance between program capability and simplicity of use.  A sophisticated spreadsheet approach can work, but without integration into a financial system.

As is often the case, completing the latter stages of a project while staying within budget depends on early planning, variance tracking and making the right course corrections early enough to be effective.

Special thanks to David F. Edson, P.E., Sr. Vice President of Hoyle, Tanner & Associates, Inc. for his assistance in writing this post.